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Toward a New Treatment for Traumatic Memories

The titles of stories for non-scientists about research on altering traumatic memories express the hopes and fears of our society:

  • “Studies say old memories can be lost” (Carey Goldberg,  Boston Globe, 2003)
  • “Blank for the memories: Someday you may be able to take a pill to forget painful recollections” (Scott LaFee, San Diego Tribune, 2004)
  • “Is every memory worth keeping? Controversy over pills to reduce mental trauma” (Rob Stein, Washington Post, 2004)
  • “When remembering might mean forgetting” (Douglas Steinberg, The Scientist, 2004)
  • “Rewriting your past: Drugs that rid people of terrifying memories could be a lifeline for many. But could they have  a sinister side too?” (Gaia Vince, New Scientist, 2005). 

Some of these stories’ authors, or at least the headline writers, have stretched the current science a bit. Forgetting, for example, is an active psychological process, not a simple memory erasure; and none of the studies so far has demonstrated a complete blockade of a targeted memory. But these writers are raising some of the right questions. 

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References

Davis, M, Ressler, K, Rothbaum, BO, Richardson, R. Effects of D-cycloserine on extinction: translation from preclinical to clinical work. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 60(4): 369-375.

D˛ebiec, J, and Ledoux, JE. Disruption of reconsolidation but not consolidation of auditory fear conditioning by noradrenergic blockade in the amygdala. Neuroscience 2004; 129(2): 267–272.

Hofmann, SG, Meuret, AE, Smits, JAJ, et al. Augmentation of exposure therapy with d-cycloserine for social anxiety disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006; 63: 298-304.

Kass, LR (Ed.) Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness. A Report of the President’s Council on Bioethics. New York. Dana Press, 2005.

Lewis, DJ. Psychobiology of active and inactive Memory. Psychological Bulletin 1979; 86(5): 1054–1083.

Miller, MM, Altemus, M, D˛ebiec, J, LeDoux, JE, and Phelps, EA. Propranolol impairs reconsolidation of conditioned fear in humans. Program No. 208.2. 2004 Abstract Viewer/ Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2004. Online.

Pitman, RK, Sanders, KM, Zusman, RM, et al. Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol. Biological Psychiatry Jan. 15 2002; 51(2): 189–192.